Reported Speech & Konjunktiv I
Report what others said using Konjunktiv I — the mood of reported speech and official texts.
🎯 Grammar Focus
- Konjunktiv I forms: sein → sei, haben → habe
- Reported speech structure
- Konjunktiv I vs. II when forms are identical
- Indirect questions
Reported Speech & Konjunktiv I
What is Konjunktiv I?
Konjunktiv I is used for: 1. Reported speech (what someone said, without confirming it's true) 2. Official/newspaper language 3. Instructions (Nehme man 2 Eier... — One takes 2 eggs...)
Forming Konjunktiv I
Take the infinitive stem + these endings:
| Person | Ending | sein (special) | |--------|--------|----------------| | ich | -e | sei | | du | -est | sei(e)st | | er/sie/es | -e | sei | | wir | -en | seien | | ihr | -et | seiet | | Sie/sie | -en | seien |
The key form: er/sie/es always gets -e: habe, fahre, komme, sage.
Reported Speech Structure
Direct: Er sagt: "Ich bin krank." Reported: Er sagt, er sei krank.
Direct: Sie sagt: "Ich habe keine Zeit." Reported: Sie sagt, sie habe keine Zeit.
When Konjunktiv I = Indicative → Use Konjunktiv II
If the Konjunktiv I form looks the same as the normal present tense, use Konjunktiv II instead:
- "wir kommen" (indicative) = "wir kommen" (Konjunktiv I) → use: "wir kämen" (Konjunktiv II)
Example: News Report
Der Minister erklärte, die Lage sei stabil. Die Regierung habe alle notwendigen Maßnahmen ergriffen. Es gebe keinen Grund zur Panik.
▶️ Watch & Learn
🎯 Practice Exercises
Reported speech: He says he IS sick. 'Er sagt, er ___ krank.'